Lock



J. W. FITZ GERALD LOCK lqv Patented July 10, 1934 UNITED sTAT-:s

L OCK John W. Fitz Gerald, Milwaukee, WisQ assignor to Briggs a StrattonCorporation, Mlwauk Wis., a corporationof Delawane V ApplicationNovember 3, 1933, 'Serial No. 696,4c

19 Claims.

This invention relates to improvements in looks and refers moreparticularly to key operable tumbler lo'cks.

.It is an object of this invention to provide additional securityagainst unauthorized actuation of a lock by the provision of means forautomatically A defined by the appended claims, it being understood thatsuch changes in the precise embodiment of the herein disclosed inventionmay be `made as come within the scope of the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, I have illustrat ed several completeexamples of the physical embo'diment of my invention contructedaccording to the best modes I have so far devised for the practicalapplication of the principles thereof, and in which:

Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view through a lock structureembodying this invention; Figure 2 is a transverse sectional view' taken"through Figure 1 on the plane of the line 2-2;

Figure 3 is a perspective view of one of the tumblers and the lookingbar 'of the structures shown in Figures 1 and 2;

Figure 4 is a view partly in longitudinal section and partly inelevation of a lock structure equipped with a modified embodiment ofthis invention; e

Figure 5 is a cross section view taken through Figure 4 on the plane ofthe line 5-5;

Figure 6 is a view similar to Figure 1 illustrating another modificationof this intention;

Figure 'l is a cross sectional view taken through Figure 6 on the planeof the line 7-7; and Figura 8 is a detail sectonal view taken throughFigure 6 on the plane of the line 8-8.

Referring to the accompanying drawings in which like numerals indicatelike parts throughout the several views, the numeral 10 designates amounting membe: which in the present instance is in the form of ar rcylindrical shell mountg member 11. aber ii in the embodiment shown isin the form of a cylinder but may take any shape, and merelyindicates ageneral support for the lock. The shell 10 which forms the mountingmember of the lock is secured in the supporting member by a set screw12.

Rotatably 'mounted in the bore 13 of the mounting member is a lockcylinder 14 the inner end of which has a sten 15 Secured thereto toproject from the mounting member into operative engagemnt with a latchmechanism or other means, to be controlled, not shown;

Ahy means'may be employed to' retain the lock cylinder assembled withthe mounting member and' in the present instance a set screw 16 isprovided having its inner end engaged in an arcuate slot 17 formed inthe cylinder.

A plurality of looking tumblers 18 is mounted in the cylinder fortransverse movement into engagement with a recess or slot 19 in themounting member, the tumblers being'yieldably urged to project into theslot by springs 20 disposed between adjacent tumblers. The tumblers arerev tractable by a proper key' (not shown) insertable into a key opening21 in the cylinder, and engageable in keywa'ys 22 formed in the tumblersin line with the key opening 21.

Each tumbler also has a. plurality of serrations 23 on its side edgeopposite its keyway 22, the serrations preferably being form'ed on theouter edge of a sidewise extension 24 on the tumbler. Engageable withthese serrations of the tumblers are toothed projections 25 carried by alooking bar 26 slidably mounted in the cylinder alongside the tumblers.

The toothed projections 25 are spaced apart a distance equal to thespacing of the tumblers so that when the locking bar is in itsinoperative position illustrated in Figure 1, the toothed projectionswill be disengaged from the serrations of the tumblers, but upon endwiseshifting of the looking bar its toothed projections Will be arrangedwith the tumbler serrations to secure the tumblers against movement.

A compression spring 27 engaging the inner end of thelocking baryieldably tends to project the looking bar out of its slideway 28 andholds the bar in' its inoperatlve position. The outer end of the barengages a pin 29 slidably mounted in' a bore 30 communicating withtheouter end oi' the slideway 28. The extreme outer end of the pin 29has a rounded projection 31 which engages in a radial groove or slot 32in the bottom of the mounting member bore 31 when the looking cylinderis in its normal locked position.

Upon turning of the cylinder out of its normal 110 thus secure thetumblers against actuation.

It is noted that the recess or slot 19 into which A the spring projectedends of the tumblers en- 'in the embodiment shown in Figur-e 1.

gage is suflicientiy wide to permit a degree of rotation on the part ofthe cylinder without first retracting the tumblers and this permitteddegree of rotation is suificient to move the rounded end' 31 of the pin29 out of the radial groove or slot 33 and to actuate the looking bar toits operative locking position. i

In the embodiment illustrated in Figures 4 and 5, the locking bar 26 isreplaced by individual locking pins 34. These pins, as best shown inFigure 5, are mounted in multiple diametered bores 35 in the side of thelock cylinder for movement into and out of engagement with the tumblerserrations 23. The inner ends of the pins 34 are pointed and projectthrough the smallest diameter of the bores. Medially of their ends thepins are provided with annular flanges %between which and the bottoms ofthe intermediate diameter bores, expansive springs are confined toyieldably maintain the pins in their normally inoperative positions. Theouter ends of the bores 35 are closed by fixed retaining washers 37. Theouter rounded ends 38 of the pins project through the retaining washers.

When the cylinder is in its normal locked position illustrated in Figure5, the rounded edges 38 of the pins project beyond the cylindricalsurface of the-'cylinder into an elongated groove 39 in the wall of themounting-member bore, and as in the embodiment illustrated in Figures 1,2 and 3, initial rotation of the cylinder away from its normal lockedposition cams the pins into engagement wit'h the tumblers and thuspositively looks the tumblers against' actuation.

In the embodiment illustrated in Figures 6, 'I and 8, the tumblers areSecured against actuation not by the engagement of looking elements withserrations in the side edges thereoi but by being forced into and heldin frictional contact with each other. i

In this embodiment of the invention, the tumblers 40 are of the blocktype and are engageable with each other at their adjacent faces or atleast have portions of their meeting faces in engagement. The entireplurality orstackof tumblers completely fills the transverse recess inthe cylinder in which they are mounted'so that no guides between thetumblers are necessary. It is thus g possible to impart pressure oneither end of the stack of tumblers to increase the trictional en.gagement therebetween.

This is done by a pin 41 slidable in a bore 42 opening to the inner endof the cylinder. The inner end of the-pin 41 bears against the adja centtumbler. The outer end of the pin is engaged by a compression spring 43,the opposite end of which bears against a plug 44 mounted in the outerend oi' the bore '42. The plug 44 has a rounded exposed end 45 whichengages in a radial slot or groove 46 in the bottom of the mountingmember bore similar to the groove 33 The rounded end 45 of the plug 44engages in the slot or groove 46 only when the cylinder is in itsnormal' locked position and upon rotation of the cylinder in eitherdirection from its normal locked position the plug will be movedinwardly to compress the spring 43 andvthus impart considerable pressureon the stack of tumblers 40.

The increased trictional engagement between the tumblers eifected inthis manner ai'fords adequate protection against possible actuation otthe tumblers by means of a picking tool and thus materially increasesthe protection of the lock against possible'picking.

Additional protection against, possible picking may be afiorded byproviding a loose head on the outer end of the cylinder as in theembodiment shown in Figures 6, 'l and 8. The head or cep 47 is heldassexnbled with the cylinder by a spring ring 48 and is freely rotatablewith respect to the cylinder so that if a tool is inserted only in theouter end of the key opening, it will be impossible to impart forcedrotation to the cylinder itself.

From the foregoing description taken in connection with the acconpanyingdrawings, it will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art towhich this invention appertains, that this invention materiallyincreases the protection of a tumbler lock' against possible picking inthat it provides means for securing the tumblers against actuationimmediately upon rotation of the cyl-. inder from its normally lockedposition, and thus requires complete retraction of all of the tumblersbefore rotation can be safely lmparted to the cylinder. i

What I claim as my invention is:

1. In a lock, a mounting member, a lock cylinder movable in the mountingmember, a plurality of looking tumblers carried by the cylinder andengageable with 'the mounting member to secure the cylinder againstmovement, said tumblers being retractable by a proper key to free thecylinder for movement, and means operable upon relative movement betweenthe lock, cylinder and mounting member to hold the tumblers againstactuation with respect to the cylinder so as to preclude retraction 'ofthe tumblers after the cylinder is moved out of its normal lookingposition. I 2. In a lock, a mounting member, a lock cylinder movable -inthe mounting member, looking tumblers carried by the cylinder andengageable with the mounting member to normally secure 'the cylinderagainst movement, said turblers` being retractable by a proper keyto.free the cylinder !or movement, and cooperating means carried by themounting member and the cylinder and operable upon movement of thecylinder to hold the tumblers against movement whereby 'retraction of'the tumbl's aiterthe cylinder has been moved from its precluded.,

3. In a lock, a mounting member, a lock cylindermovable in themountingmember, key opnormal' locked position is erable lockingtumblers carriedby the cylinder and engageable with the mountingmember to secure thecylinder against movement in a normal lockedposition, a member carriedby the lock cylinder and operable upon predetermined 'movement thereorto secure thetumblers against movement with respectto the cylinder, and

means on the mounting member operable upon :relative mr 'ement betweenthe lock cylinder and mounting member to move said tumbler securingmember to its operative position.

4. In a lock comprising a bored mounting member and a lockcylinderrotatably mounted therein, a plurality of lockingtumblers carried bythe` cylinder and engageable with a mounting member to'scure thecylinder against rotation, said tumblers being retractable hyra properkey to "free the cylinder for rotation, and a member opder in lockedposition, said tumbIe-.being'retractable by a proper key to free thecylinder for movement from said locked position, a member carried by thecylinder and engageable with thetumbler to hold the same againstretraction, and a cammed surface on the-mounting member with 'which saidtumbler engaging member cooperates to effeot movement of said tumblerengaging member into operative engagement with the tumbler upon movementoi the cylinder. A 6. In a lock, a bored mounting member, a lockcylinder rotatable in the mounting member bore, a plurality of lockingtumblers movable transversely of the cylinder and engageable with themounting member, said tumblers being retractable upon the insertion of aproper key to free the cylinder for rotation and said cylinder having alimited degree of permitted rotation while the tumblers are in theiroperative positions, a member carried by the lock cylinder and movableperpendicularly to the direction of move ment of the tumblers intooperative engagement with the tumblers to-hold the same againstmovement, and means on the mounting member to move said tumbler engagingmember into operative engagement with the tumblers upon rotation of thecylinder whereby the tumblers are Secured against retraction in theevent the cylinder is rotated without first retracting the tumblers.,

7. In a lock, a bored mounting member, a lock cylinder rotatabletherein, locking tumblers carried by the cylinder and transverselymovable to project into engagement with the mounting 8. In a lock, abored mounting member, a lock 'cylinder rotatable therein, lockingtumblers carried by the cylinder and engageable in a recess in themounting member, s`aid recess being of a size to permit a limited degreeof rotation on the part of the cylinder without requiring retraction ofthe tumblers, serrations on the edges of the tumblers, and means carriedby the cylinder,

and operable during said permitted degree of rotation of the cylinder toengage the serrations of the tumblers and secure the same against retraction.

- 9.-In a lock device, a bored mounting member, a lock cylinderrotatable therein, locking tumblers carried by the cylinder andmovableinto engagement with the mounting' member to secure the cylinderin locked position, and means carried by thecylinder and cammed intoengagement with the tumblers upon rotation of the cylinder away from itslocked 'position whereby said tumblers are held in the positions theyocrotation with its tumblers projected, and means carried by thecylinder and cammed into engagement with the tumblers during rotation ofv the cylinder through said limited degree of permitted rotation tosecure the tumblers in the positions they occupy at the time of suchrotation whereby retraction of the tumblers after the cylinder hasbeenslightly turned is precluded. e

11. In a lock device,' a bored mountingmember a lock cylinder rotatabletherein, locking tumblers carried by the cylinder and engageable withthe mounting member to secure the cylinder in locked position, meanscarried by the' cylinder and engageable with an edge of the tumblers tohold the tumblers against movement with respect to the cylinder, saidmeans normally being in an inoperative position, and means on themounting member to cam said tumbler engaging means into operativeengagement with the tumbler edges during an initial movement of thecylinder from its locked position so that the `tumblers are securedagainst retraction upon such rotation of the cylinder.

12. In a lock device, a bored mounting member a lock cylinder rotatabletherein, a plurality of locking tumblers carried by the cylinder anden'gageable with the mounting member to secure, the cylinder in lockedposition, a member slidable in'the lock cylinder and movable to engagethe tumblers to restrain the same against retraction, spring meansyieldably maintaining said member in an inoperative position, and meanson the mounting member operable upon slight rotation of the cylinder tocam said member to its operative position.

13. In a lock device, a bored mounting member, a lock cylinderrotatable' therein, locking tumblers carried by the cylinder andmovable` transversely thereof into engage'ment with the mounting memberto secure the cylinder in locked position, serrations on a side edge ofeach tumbler, a member slidably mounted in the cyli inder and havingparts engageable with the serrations of the tumblers to secure thetumblers against movementwith respect to the cylinder,

spring means to yieldably maintain said member in its inoperativeposition, and means to move said memberto' its operative tumblerengaging position upon a slight rotation of the cylinder in the mountingmember.

' 14. In a lock device, a bored mounting member a lock cylinderrotatable in the mounting member bore, locking tumblers carried by thecylinder and engageable with the mounting member to hold the cylinder inlocked position but permitting a limited degree of rotation, a member`slidably mounted in the lock cylinder and movable to a positionengaging the tumblers to restrain the same against retraction, springmeans yieldably main'taining" said tumbler engaging member in aninoperative position, and means carried bythe cylinder and engageable ina groove in the mounting member when the lock cylinder is in its lockedposition and cammed out of said groove upon movemett'o! the cylin-' egasins member to its operative position.

15. In a look-device, a bored mounting member,

a lock cylinder rotatable therein, looking tumblers movable transverselyot the cylinder and engageable with the mounting member to hold thecylinder in looked position, serrations on one edge o! each tumbler,tumbler retaining members carried by the cylinder, and spring 'means toproject part of said tumbler retaining means beyond the cylinder into agroove in the mounting member while the cylinder is in its normal lookedposition, movement of said retaining member parts out of the groove uponrotation of the cylinder moving the retaining members into engagementwith the tumblers to restrain the same against actuation.

16. In a look devioe, a bored mounting member, a look cylinder rotatabletherein, looking tumblers movable transversely of the cylinder, alooking bar slidable axially with respect to the cylinder, cooperatingmeans on the looking bar and the 'tumblers operable upon engagement tosecure the tumblers against actuation, and 'means to move the lookingbar to engage said cooperating means upon rotation of the cylinder. i

17. In a lock devioe, a. bored mounting member, a look cylinderrotatable therein, looking tumblers oarried by the cylinder andengageable with the mounting member to secure the cylinder in lockedposition, a looking bar carried by the cylinder and slidabletransversely with respect to the tumblers, serrations on the tumblers,toothed projections on the looking bar engageable with the tumblerserrations upon endwise shifting of the looking bar to secure thetumblers against movement, yieldable means maintaining the looking barin aii inoperative position with its toothed projeotion's out of linewith the tumblers, and

p mamase der !rom looked position to force said tumbler means operableupon rotation of the cylinder in the mounting member to shiftthe lookingbar axially against the action of its spring means to engage its toothed'projeotions with the tumbler serrations.

i 18. In a lock device, a bored mounting member,

a lock-cylinder rotata'ble therein, looking tumblers movabletransversely of the cylinder into engagement with the mounting member tohold the cylinder in locked position, serrations on a side edge of eachtumbler, pins oarried by the cylinder 'in line with the tumblers, saidpins being projectable toward the tumblers to engage their inner e'ndswith the serrations of the tumblers and secure the tumblers againstactuation, spring means yieldably maintaining the pins out of en-'gagement with tumbler serrations and projecting the outer end portionsof the pins beyond the cylindrical surface of the cylinder and into agroove in the wall of the mounting member bore, whereby upon rotation ofthe cylinder said pins in moving out of the groove are depressed againstthe action of their springs to engage the tumblers. 19. In a lockdevlce, a bored mounting member, a lock cylinder rotatable in themounting member bore, a plurality of looking tumblers carried by thecylinder and engageablewith the mounting member, said tumblers being inengagement at .theiradjaoent faces, a pin slidable in the look cylinderand having its inner endbearing against one oi'the endmost tumblers, andmeans operable upon tuming of the cylinder tp force said pin .inwardlyagainst saidtumbler and to frictionally hold all of the tumblers inengagement with each other to restrainactuation of the tumblers.

4 JOHN w. Fr-z GERALD.

